"A leading proponent of a more deeply integrated European Union, advocating for a common budget, army, and foreign policy."

Source: Sorbonne Speech

"Spearheaded and passed a controversial pension reform, raising the retirement age from 62 to 64, leading to widespread protests."

Source: Legislative Record

"Led the successful effort to make France the first country to explicitly protect the right to abortion in its constitution."

Source: French Government

"Condemned Hamas's terror attack and affirmed support for Israel, but later called for a lasting ceasefire and warned against the loss of civilian life in Gaza."

Source: Élysée Statements

"His government faced the large-scale "Yellow Vests" movement and pension strikes, which saw significant and often criticized police responses to maintain public order."

Source: News Reports

"A staunch defender of France's model of secularism ("laïcité") and the right to free speech, including blasphemy, in the face of extremist violence."

Source: Public Speeches

"Early in his presidency, he replaced a solidarity tax on wealth (ISF) with a tax focused solely on property, a move critics labeled a "gift to the rich"."

Source: Financial Times

"Has remained opposed to the legalization of cannabis for recreational use, instead favouring increased enforcement against trafficking."

Source: Le Monde